(Read More: Housing’s Big Challenge: Student Debt)

Back in the mid-eighties and nineties, Americans spent nearly 20 percent of their median monthly incomes on their home loans—compared to just 12.5 percent today, according to Zillow.

The trouble is that wages have either stagnated or dropped at the same time that home values are rising. Pre-bubble, U.S. homebuyers spent 2.6 times their median annual incomes on the purchase price of a typical home, but now they are spending three times their incomes—meaning homes are 14.5 percent more expensive relative to income, according to Zillow. That is all made possible by government-subsidized, record low rates.

(Read More: Betting on the Home Builders as Housing Battles Back)

“The days of historically high levels of housing affordability are numbered,” said Zillow Chief Economist Stan Humphries. “Current affordability is almost entirely dependent on low interest rates, and there’s no doubt that rates will begin to rise in the next few years.”

Rates will rise because the Federal Reserve will inevitably have to get out of the business of buying agency mortgage-backed securities, which currently drives down rates. This won’t happen immediately, but it will in the next two to three years.

Article source: http://www.cnbc.com/id/100631625

Now, facing a $16 billion shortfall, the FHA has raised premiums and will raise them yet again next month. FHA loans are becoming increasingly expensive.

(Read More: Housing Jobs Jump, Where Are the Workers?)

Meanwhile, as the housing market improves, private mortgage insurers are starting to remove overlays on higher loan-to-value loans, meaning the percentage of the home value that is mortgaged. Low LTV’s and high credit scores were the rule recently for the private insurers, but that may now be loosening, making these loans cheaper than FHA.

“FHA is certainly becoming more expensive,” noted Craig Strent, CEO of Apex Home Loans in Bethesda, Maryland. “The increase in low down payments is reflective of first time buyers coming off the sidelines and entering the market. We’re going to see more of this trend in the next couple of years as the economy improves and renters start to once again see the benefit of buying over renting. FHA has become more expensive and the mortgage insurance companies are the beneficiary of that, which is really not a bad thing as it means the private market is insuring the lower down payments rather than the government.”

(Read More: Home Buyers Are Back, but Where Are the Houses?)

The stocks of mortgage insurers like MGIC and Radian spiked in the first months of this year, as home prices improved and FHA policy changes designed to shrink its share of the market were announced. There is currently a bipartisan effort in the U.S. Senate to reduce the FHA’s role, and in the House of Representatives a hearing is being held Wednesday looking at, “the competitive advantages the Federal Housing Administration has relative to private mortgage insurers and how those advantages contribute to the crowding out of private capital in housing finance,” according to the House Financial Services Committee release.

Despite the advantages, FHA’s share is already shrinking, as Fannie Mae’s is rising. In the first quarter of 2012, loans with between 3 and 10 percent down payment made up 15 percent of Fannie Mae’s business for home purchase loans (not refinances). In the second quarter it rose to 17 percent and in the third to 18 percent. Fannie Mae has not reported its fourth quarter yet, but that share is expected to rise again. While a credit thaw is part of it, as mortgage interest rates rise and fewer borrowers apply to refinance, lenders are simply looking for more business.

Article source: http://www.cnbc.com/id/100548913

Coming back to home ownership may not be as difficult as some think. Consumers who only defaulted on their mortgage during the recent recession were far better risks than those who went delinquent on multiple credit accounts, like credit cards and auto loans, according to a 2011 study by TransUnion.

“There appears to be a pocket of opportunity among mortgage-only defaulters that is not the result of excess liquidity, but rather the unique circumstances of the recent recession,” said Steve Chaouki, group vice president in TransUnion’s financial services business unit in the study release. “This new market segment that the recession created is an important one for lenders to understand. They have the potential, today, to be stronger and more reliable customers.”

Not surprisingly, given this potential, YouWalkAway.com is launching the “AfterForeclosure.com Pass/Fail App,” which claims to tell potential borrowers in just one minute, “if they have a shot at home ownership.”

“We want people to know that it’s possible and, in a lot of cases, it’s advantageous,” says Jon Maddux, former CEO and co-founder of YouWalkAway.com.

(Read More: US Homeowners RiseAbove Water on Mortgages)

It is possible, but mortgage underwriting is far more strict today than during the housing boom, and there are varying waiting periods before former homeowners who went through foreclosure can qualify for a new loan. The Federal Housing Administration, the government insurer of home loans which now backs just over 20 percent of new loan originations, requires a three-year wait. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which own or guarantee the bulk of the remaining new loan originations, require up to seven years for a strategic defaulter to qualify again for a mortgage.

d More: Americans Are Using Their Houses as ATMs Again)

Article source: http://www.cnbc.com/id/100485159

Delinquencies dropped 6 percent annually in 2011 and 7 percent in 2010. This after jumping over 50 percent in each of the previous two years. The trouble is not with new loans but with a long legacy of troubled loans from the housing boom. While these loans make up 60 percent of mortgages outstanding, they account for 90 percent of loans gone bad. Attempts at loan modifications as well as long delays in the foreclosure process have kept these loans stuck in a bloated pipeline.

There are borrowers today that have not made a mortgage payment in several years but have still not lost their homes. New laws in California and Nevada slowed the foreclosure process considerably, while New York and New Jersey are still facing huge backlogs of bad loans that will take years to make their way through the states’ court process.

(Read More: New Housing Fears: Home Prices Are Rising Too.)

Nationally, the mortgage delinquency rate now stands at 5.19 percent, down from 6.01 percent a year ago, but still far from the historical average of around one to two percent. While loans made in the past few years, using far stricter underwriting, are faring very well, there is a concern that thousands of mortgage modifications made during the same time will default again. Negative equity, while improving, continues to plague millions of borrowers and makes selling the home impossible. Should these borrowers need to move, they will likely have to default on their home loans.

(Read More: Why Home Builders Won’t Drop New Home Prices,)

Article source: http://www.cnbc.com/id/100453098

“There is a huge population that have benefitted from adjustable rate mortgages. When the rates adjusted, they adjusted down. Those homeowners have been riding those low, one-year arms. If they start to hear about rates going up, they may come out of the woodwork to lock into fixed rates,” says Strent.

That may be, but 88 percent of loans outstanding today are fixed, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association. Just 12 percent are adjustable rate. Even if rates do not rise any higher than they are today, which they may not, they would have to fall below last year’s lows to see the high refinance volume of 2012 continue in 2013.

(Read More: Link Between Credit and Mortgages: Not What You Think)

“The refi apocalypse is upon us,” says Mark Hanson, a mortgage analyst in Northern California. “The thought is that there are a bunch of homeowners on the fence who haven’t refi’d who will all jump in thinking they will miss out. The theory is 100 percent nonsense. The series will simply plunge. That’s because after 16 months of sub 4 percent rates — and every bank loan officer and mortgage broker doing everything they can after a long mortgage banking income drought that ended with Twist — there is nobody left to refi. In fact, the only reason refi applications stayed flat in Q3 and Q4 was because they passed a new law allowing refinances regardless of the LTV [loan to value]…the HARP unlimited LTV refi.”

While the Federal Reserve does not set mortgage rates, a signal that the economic recovery is improving and even the slightest hint that the Fed could end its purchases of mortgage-backed securities, could push rates slightly higher.

“The Fed likely won’t use its statement to markets to finger a specific date on which QE3 will end, but that won’t stop investors from guessing. If the herd believes that QE3 will terminate within the next 6 months, mortgage rates will likely rise. If QE3 is believed to extend into 2014 and beyond, mortgage rates will likely fall,” writes Dan Green of Waterstone Mortgage in his blog.

(Read more: What to Expect from Interest Rates This Year)

While refinances may suffer under even slightly higher rates, more important to the housing recovery is new mortgages to purchase homes. Purchase applications are still running at half the rate they were in 2007, when last the Dow hit a new high. Small moves in mortgage rates do affect purchasing power, but lending standards are a far bigger driver today. New regulations for lenders and a consolidation of lending overall to the mega-banks are certainly slowing, and in some cases stalling, the process for some would-be buyers.

(Read More: Cities That Are Most Prepared for Retirement)

Article source: http://www.cnbc.com/id/100420382